Brad Delong on Geithner Plan--Great Read

Here is a snippet--the article is worthwhile reading.

Q: Why isn't this just a massive giveaway to yet another set of financiers?

A: The private managers put in $30 billion and the government puts in $970 billion. If we were investing in a normal hedge fund, we would have to pay the managers 2% of the capital and 20% of the profits every year. In this case, the private managers' returns can be thought of as (a) a share of the portfolio's total return proportional to their 3% contribution, plus (b) a "management incentive fee" of (i) 0% of the capital value and (ii) between 0% (if the portfolio returns 3% per year) and 9% (if the portfolio returns 10% per year)--much less than hedge-fund managers typically charge.

The Geithner Plan FAQ

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Examples and Specifics--The Public-Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets

This article contains an upfront example of the deal terms for The Public-Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets. It also contains specifics for this program including application process. It appears the program is open to all investors regardless of type.

Sample Investment Under the Legacy Loans Program

Step 1: If a bank has a pool of residential mortgages with $100 face value that it is seeking to divest, the bank would approach the FDIC.

Step 2: The FDIC would determine, according to the above process, that they would be willing to leverage the pool at a 6-to-1 debt-to-equity ratio.

Step 3: The pool would then be auctioned by the FDIC, with several private sector bidders submitting bids. The highest bid from the private sector in this example, $84 would be the winner and would form a Public-Private Investment Fund to purchase the pool of mortgages.

Step 4: Of this $84 purchase price, the FDIC would provide guarantees for $72 of financing, leaving $12 of equity.

Step 5: The Treasury would then provide 50% of the equity funding required on a side-by-side basis with the investor. In this example, Treasury would invest approximately $6, with the private investor contributing $6.

Step 6: The private investor would then manage the servicing of the asset pool and the timing of its disposition on an ongoing basis using asset managers approved and subject to oversight by the FDIC.

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The Public-Private Investment Program for Legacy Assets

To address the challenge of legacy assets, Treasury in conjunction with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Reserve is announcing the Public-Private Investment Program as part of its efforts to repair balance sheets throughout our financial system and ensure that credit is available to the households and businesses, large and small, that will help drive us toward recovery.

Three Basic Principles: Using $75 to $100 billion in TARP capital and capital from private investors, the Public-Private Investment Program will generate $500 billion in purchasing power to buy legacy assets with the potential to expand to $1 trillion over time. The Public-Private Investment Program will be designed around three basic principles:

* Maximizing the Impact of Each Taxpayer Dollar: First, by using government financing in partnership with the FDIC and Federal Reserve and co-investment with private sector investors, substantial purchasing power will be created, making the most of taxpayer resources.

* Shared Risk and Profits With Private Sector Participants: Second, the Public-Private Investment Program ensures that private sector participants invest alongside the taxpayer, with the private sector investors standing to lose their entire investment in a downside scenario and the taxpayer sharing in profitable returns.

* Private Sector Price Discovery: Third, to reduce the likelihood that the government will overpay for these assets, private sector investors competing with one another will establish the price of the loans and securities purchased under the program.

The Merits of This Approach: This approach is superior to the alternatives of either hoping for banks to gradually work these assets off their books or of the government purchasing the assets directly. Simply hoping for banks to work legacy assets off over time risks prolonging a financial crisis, as in the case of the Japanese experience. But if the government acts alone in directly purchasing legacy assets, taxpayers will take on all the risk of such purchases along with the additional risk that taxpayers will overpay if government employees are setting the price for those assets.

Two Components for Two Types of Assets: The Public-Private Investment Program has two parts, addressing both the legacy loans and legacy securities clogging the balance sheets of financial firms:

* Legacy Loans:The overhang of troubled legacy loans stuck on bank balance sheets has made it difficult for banks to access private markets for new capital and limited their ability to lend.

* Legacy Securities: Secondary markets have become highly illiquid, and are trading at prices below where they would be in normally functioning markets. These securities are held by banks as well as insurance companies, pension funds, mutual funds, and funds held in individual retirement accounts.

If you are having a problem viewing the above illustration join the club. Even in the PDF you have to zoom up to at least 150 percent.

The Legacy Loans Program: To cleanse bank balance sheets of troubled legacy loans and reduce the overhang of uncertainty associated with these assets, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Treasury are launching a program to attract private capital to purchase eligible legacy loans from participating banks through the provision of FDIC debt guarantees and Treasury equity co-investment. Treasury currently anticipates that approximately half of the TARP resources for legacy assets will be devoted to the Legacy Loans Program, but our approach will allow for flexibility to allocate resources where we see the greatest impact.

* Involving Private Investors to Set Prices: A broad array of investors are expected to participate in the Legacy Loans Program. The participation of individual investors, pension plans, insurance companies and other long-term investors is particularly encouraged. The Legacy Loans Program will facilitate the creation of individual Public-Private Investment Funds which will purchase asset pools on a discrete basis. The program will boost private demand for distressed assets that are currently held by banks and facilitate market-priced sales of troubled assets.
* Using FDIC Expertise to Provide Oversight: The FDIC will provide oversight for the formation, funding, and operation of these new funds that will purchase assets from banks.
* Joint Financing from Treasury, Private Capital and FDIC: Treasury and private capital will provide equity financing and the FDIC will provide a guarantee for debt financing issued by the Public-Private Investment Funds to fund asset purchases. The Treasury will manage its investment on behalf of taxpayers to ensure the public interest is protected. The Treasury intends to provide 50 percent of the equity capital for each fund, but private managers will retain control of asset management subject to rigorous oversight from the FDIC.
* The Process for Purchasing Assets Through The Legacy Loans Program: Purchasing assets in the Legacy Loans Program will occur through the following process:
o Banks Identify the Assets They Wish to Sell: To start the process, banks will decide which assets usually a pool of loans they would like to sell. The FDIC will conduct an analysis to determine the amount of funding it is willing to guarantee. Leverage will not exceed a 6-to-1 debt-to-equity ratio. Assets eligible for purchase will be determined by the participating banks, their primary regulators, the FDIC and Treasury. Financial institutions of all sizes will be eligible to sell assets.
o Pools Are Auctioned Off to the Highest Bidder: The FDIC will conduct an auction for these pools of loans. The highest bidder will have access to the Public-Private Investment Program to fund 50 percent of the equity requirement of their purchase.
o Financing Is Provided Through FDIC Guarantee: If the seller accepts the purchase price, the buyer would receive financing by issuing debt guaranteed by the FDIC. The FDIC-guaranteed debt would be collateralized by the purchased assets and the FDIC would receive a fee in return for its guarantee.
o Private Sector Partners Manage the Assets:Once the assets have been sold, private fund managers will control and manage the assets until final liquidation, subject to strict FDIC oversight.

The Legacy Securities Program: The goal of this program is to restart the market for legacy securities, allowing banks and other financial institutions to free up capital and stimulate the extension of new credit. The resulting process of price discovery will also reduce the uncertainty surrounding the financial institutions holding these securities, potentially enabling them to raise new private capital. The Legacy Securities Program consists of two related parts designed to draw private capital into these markets by providing debt financing from the Federal Reserve under the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (TALF) and through matching private capital raised for dedicated funds targeting legacy securities.

1. Expanding TALF to Legacy Securities to Bring Private Investors Back into the Market: The Treasury and the Federal Reserve are today announcing their plans to create a lending program that will address the broken markets for securities tied to residential and commercial real estate and consumer credit. The intention is to incorporate this program into the previously announced Term Asset-Backed Securities Facility (TALF).

• Providing Investors Greater Confidence to Purchase Legacy Assets:As with securitizations backed by new originations of consumer and business credit already included in the TALF, we expect that the provision of leverage through this program will give investors greater confidence to purchase these assets, thus increasing market liquidity.
• Funding Purchase of Legacy Securities: Through this new program, non-recourse loans will be made available to investors to fund purchases of legacy securitization assets. Eligible assets are expected to include certain non-agency residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS) that were originally rated AAA and outstanding commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS) and asset-backed securities (ABS) that are rated AAA.
• Working with Market Participants: Borrowers will need to meet eligibility criteria. Haircuts will be determined at a later date and will reflect the riskiness of the assets provided as collateral. Lending rates, minimum loan sizes, and loan durations have not been determined. These and other terms of the programs will be informed by discussions with market participants. However, the Federal Reserve is working to ensure that the duration of these loans takes into account the duration of the underlying assets.

Partnering Side-by-Side with Private Investors in Legacy Securities Investment Funds: Treasury will make co-investment/leverage available to partner with private capital providers to immediately support the market for legacy mortgage- and asset-backed securities originated prior to 2009 with a rating of AAA at origination.

• Side-by-Side Investment with Qualified Fund Managers: Treasury will approve up to five asset managers with a demonstrated track record of purchasing legacy assets though we may consider adding more depending on the quality of applications received. Managers whose proposals have been approved will have a period of time to raise private capital to target the designated asset classes and will receive matching Treasury funds under the Public-Private Investment Program. Treasury funds will be invested one-for-one on a fully side-by-side basis with these investors.
  
  
• Offer of Senior Debt to Leverage More Financing: Asset managers will have the ability, if their investment fund structures meet certain guidelines, to subscribe for senior debt for the Public-Private Investment Fund from the Treasury Department in the amount of 50% of total equity capital of the fund. The Treasury Department will consider requests for senior debt for the fund in the amount of 100% of its total equity capital subject to further restrictions.

Sample Investment Under the Legacy Securities Program

Step 1: Treasury will launch the application process for managers interested in the Legacy Securities Program.
Step 2: A fund manager submits a proposal and is pre-qualified to raise private capital to participate in joint investment programs with Treasury.
Step 3: The Government agrees to provide a one-for-one match for every dollar of private capital that the fund manager raises and to provide fund-level leverage for the proposed Public-Private Investment Fund.
Step 4: The fund manager commences the sales process for the investment fund and is able to raise $100 of private capital for the fund. Treasury provides $100 equity co-investment on a side-by-side basis with private capital and will provide a $100 loan to the Public-Private Investment Fund. Treasury will also consider requests from the fund manager for an additional loan of up to $100 to the fund.
Step 5: As a result, the fund manager has $300 (or, in some cases, up to $400) in total capital and commences a purchase program for targeted securities.
Step 6: The fund manager has full discretion in investment decisions, although it will predominately follow a long-term buy-and-hold strategy. The Public-Private Investment Fund, if the fund manager so determines, would also be eligible to take advantage of the expanded TALF program for legacy securities when it is launched.

Bold Endeavors: How Our Government Built America, and Why It Must Rebuild Now

Geithner Speaks: My Plan for Bad Bank Assets

No crisis like this has a simple or single cause, but as a nation we borrowed too much and let our financial system take on irresponsible levels of risk.

However, the financial system as a whole is still working against recovery. Many banks, still burdened by bad lending decisions, are holding back on providing credit. Market prices for many assets held by financial institutions -- so-called legacy assets -- are either uncertain or depressed. With these pressures at work on bank balance sheets, credit remains a scarce commodity, and credit that is available carries a high cost for borrowers.

Our new Public-Private Investment Program will set up funds to provide a market for the legacy loans and securities that currently burden the financial system.

The funds established under this program will have three essential design features.

• First, they will use government resources in the form of capital from the Treasury, and financing from the FDIC and Federal Reserve, to mobilize capital from private investors.
• Second, the Public-Private Investment Program will ensure that private-sector participants share the risks alongside the taxpayer, and that the taxpayer shares in the profits from these investments.
• Third, private-sector purchasers will establish the value of the loans and securities purchased under the program, which will protect the government from overpaying for these assets.

Our goal must be a stronger system that can provide the credit necessary for recovery, and that also ensures that we never find ourselves in this type of financial crisis again. We are moving quickly to achieve those goals, and we will keep at it until we have done so.

Read the entire Geithner statement.

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Bold Endeavors: How Our Government Built America, and Why It Must Rebuild Now

'Bad Bank' Funding Plan to Rescue and Move Distressed Assets

Put me down as a fan of this plan. It could end up being a stroke of genius. This definitely trumps the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) plan that was used to dispose of the assets from failed Savings and Loans.

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The Obama team announced its intention to partner with the private sector to buy $500 billion to $1 trillion of distressed assets as part of its revamping of the $700 billion bank bailout last month.

...private investment managers would run the funds, deciding which assets to buy and what prices to pay. The government would contribute money from the $700 billion bailout, with additional financing likely coming from the Federal Reserve and by selling government-backed debt. Other investors, such as pension funds, could also participate. To encourage participation, the government would try to minimize risk for private investors, possibly by offering non-recourse loans.

'Bad Bank' Funding Plan Starts to Get Fleshed Out

Bob DeMarco is a citizen journalist, blogger, and Caregiver. In addition to being an experienced writer he taught at the University of Georgia , was an Asociate Director and Limited Partner at Bear Stearns, was CEO of IP Group, and is a mentor. Bob currently resides in Delray Beach, FL where he cares for his mother, Dorothy, who suffers from Alzheimer's disease. Bob has written more than 500 articles with more than 11,000 links to his work on the Internet. His content has been syndicated on Reuters, the Wall Street Journal, Fox News, Pluck, BlogCritics, and a growing list of newspaper websites (15). Bob is actively seeking syndication and writing assignments.

Bold Endeavors: How Our Government Built America, and Why It Must Rebuild Now

Economy continues to worsen and so do forecasts

Economist forecast of GDP continues to worsen. This does not bode well for stocks near term. Has the market already discounted these forecast? This is a big question right now. The effects of the stimulus plan are not likely to help near term. Housing continues to worsen and the toxic time bomb of Option Arm mortgages is still hovering over the housing market and the economy. How high will unemployment rise? If it exceeds ten percent what effect will this have on investor psychology?

"We're in trouble," Mr. Fabbri said. "We don't have sufficient economic plans at present to resolve the banking system or the financial crisis, and the stimulus package seems loaded for 2010." He added that the global nature of the downturn along with U.S. consumers' increased saving and lenders' tightened standards all stand in the way of a quick recovery.

Mr. Shapiro, who has been bearish on 2009 for months, sees unemployment hitting nearly 10% by year end and says he expects the economy to shrink through 2010. "We just think the enormity of the problem is not recognized by most people," he said. "If you look at the magnitude of this problem, the amount of debt relative to income, the credit and asset bubbles that have now reversed and it's only just started, why is it going to end two quarters from now?"

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Economists' U.S. Outlook Dims
By KELLY EVANS and PHIL IZZO

Economists in the latest Wall Street Journal forecasting survey still mostly project growth in U.S. gross domestic product by the third quarter, but they largely agree that a 2009 "second-half recovery" -- a widely shared scenario until now -- is looking much less likely.

Recent data showing just how sharply growth in the U.S. and elsewhere has declined in the final months of 2008 have cast a deepening shadow over 2009.

As recently as September, economists on average thought the U.S. would see annualized GDP growth of 1.2% in the first three months of this year; now, they see a 4.6% decline. Forecasts for the April-through-June period have seen a similar shift, from a 1.9% growth forecast to now a 1.5% decline, based on the 52 economists who participated in the Journal's February survey.

The average forecast is for growth in the third quarter at 0.7%, less than half the rate expected last fall. The fourth-quarter picture has also darkened, but just slightly, to growth of 1.9% from 2.1% seen in November. Only five economists see growth declining through the fourth quarter of 2009; but they insist the consensus outlook right now, which says the recession will end in August as GDP returns to growth, is far too optimistic.

"The consensus is usually late to the party," said Brian Fabbri, chief economist at BNP Paribas, noting he was one of the few who forecast the current recession two years ago. Now, he is one of the five who sees GDP declining through the end of 2009, along with Joshua Shapiro, chief U.S. economist at forecasting firm MFR Inc.; Paul Ashworth of Capital Economics; Swiss Re chief economist Kurt Karl; and retired Vanderbilt University professor J. Dewey Daane.

"We're in trouble," Mr. Fabbri said. "We don't have sufficient economic plans at present to resolve the banking system or the financial crisis, and the stimulus package seems loaded for 2010." He added that the global nature of the downturn along with U.S. consumers' increased saving and lenders' tightened standards all stand in the way of a quick recovery.

A boost to the economy from the government stimulus package has been a key feature of most forecasts for a rosy finish to 2009, but economists in the February survey largely expressed disappointment with how the package is shaping up. Comments on the package's influence this year say it is "too late," "provides little boost," is "trivial," "too big," "too small" and a "colossal waste of money." Nicholas Perna of Perna Associates cautioned, "We're in danger of repeating Japan's mistakes," referring to that nation's policy errors during its "lost decade" of the 1990s.
About the Survey

The Wall Street Journal surveys a group of 55 economists throughout the year. Broad surveys on more than 10 major economic indicators are conducted every month. Once a year, economists are ranked on how well their forecasts have fared. For prior installments of the surveys, see: WSJ.com/Economist.

Forecasters also were asked how many jobs they expect the U.S. to lose in 2009, and the average response called for a loss of nearly 183,000 a month. But when asked how that would look absent the stimulus package, they saw a loss on average of about 271,000 a month. Employment often lags behind changes in economic growth, and if the labor market behaves as it has during the past two recessions, job losses and unemployment will likely rise for many months after GDP returns to growth. On average, economists see unemployment hitting 8.8% by December, from its current 7.6%.

Mr. Shapiro, who has been bearish on 2009 for months, sees unemployment hitting nearly 10% by year end and says he expects the economy to shrink through 2010. "We just think the enormity of the problem is not recognized by most people," he said. "If you look at the magnitude of this problem, the amount of debt relative to income, the credit and asset bubbles that have now reversed and it's only just started, why is it going to end two quarters from now?"

"To say 'off we go' in the second half of the year, I think that begs incredulity, I just don't buy it," he said. "It's a global thing, too; trade volumes are just cratering and our exports are getting pounded. There's nowhere to hide."
video
Forecasters: 2009 Economic Rebound Unlikely
2:27

WSJ.com Editor Phil Izzo speaks to reporter Kelly Evans about the latest economic survey forecast. Analysts believe a recovery is unlikely until after 2009.

But others are standing by their forecasts for a second-half recovery. Joseph Carson, an economist with AllianceBernstein, says uncertainty about government policy is holding back risk-taking behavior -- for now. "Once we get clarity on the fiscal and financial packages, those two things together could end up jump-starting the economy," he said. He forecasts GDP will decline at a 3% rate in the current three months, then return to growth by April and surge to a 5.7% annualized pace in the closing months of the year. Other bulls include Brian Wesbury of First Trust Advisors and James Smith, a professor at Western Carolina University, who both see GDP growing at a 4% rate by year end.

Write to Kelly Evans at kelly.evans@wsj.com and Phil Izzo at philip.izzo@wsj.com

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